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15th Division (German Empire)
The 15th Division (''15. Division'') was a unit of the Prussian/German Army.〔From the late 1800s, the Prussian Army was effectively the German Army, as during the period of German unification (1866-1871) the states of the German Empire entered into conventions with Prussia regarding their armies and only the Bavarian Army remained fully autonomous.〕 It was formed as the 16th Division on September 5, 1818, in Cologne from the 4th Brigade of the Army Corps in France.〔Günter Wegner, ''Stellenbesetzung der deutschen Heere 1815-1939.'' (Biblio Verlag, Osnabrück, 1993), Bd. 1, p.111-112; Claus von Bredow, bearb., ''Historische Rang- und Stammliste des deuschen Heeres'' (1905), pp.493-494.〕 It became the 15th Division on December 14, 1818. The division was subordinated in peacetime to the VIII Army Corps (''VIII. Armeekorps'').〔Bredow, p. 491.〕 The division was disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I. It was recruited in the densely populated Prussian Rhine Province, mainly in the Lower Rhine region.
==Combat chronicle==
The 15th Division fought in the Austro-Prussian War in 1866, seeing action in the Battle of Königgrätz. In the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71, the division fought in the Battle of Gravelotte (also called the Battle of Gravelotte-St. Privat) and the Siege of Metz, and then in the battles of Amiens, Hallue, Bapaume, and St. Quentin.〔Hermann Cron et al., ''Ruhmeshalle unserer alten Armee'' (Berlin, 1935); Wegner, p.494.〕
During World War I, the division marched through Luxembourg, Belgium and France, in what became known to the Allies as the Great Retreat, culminating in the First Battle of the Marne. In 1916, it fought in the Battle of the Somme. It was briefly sent to the Eastern Front in late 1916. It participated in the 1918 German Spring Offensive, and defended against the Allied counteroffensives, including the battles of Oise-Aisne and Meuse-Argonne. Allied intelligence rated it as a good but second class division.〔(15. Infanterie-Division )〕〔''Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914-1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France 1919'' (1920), pp. 249-253.〕
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